New Updates Pertaining to Drug Delivery of Local Anesthetics in Particular Bupivacaine Using Lipid Nanoparticles

چکیده

Lipid nanoparticles (liposomes) were first described in 1965, and several work have led to development ofimportant technical advances like triggered release liposomes and drug-loaded liposomes. These advances have ledto numerous clinical trials in such diverse areas such as the delivery of anti-cancer, antifungal, and antibiotic drugs;the delivery of gene medicines; and most importantly the delivery of anesthesia drugs. Quite a number ofliposomes are on the market, and many more are still in developmental stage. Lipid nanoparticles are the firstnano-medicine delivery system to be advanced from laboratory concept to clinical application with highconsiderable clinical acceptance. Drug delivery systems for local anesthetics (LAs) have caught the interest of manyresearchers because there are many biomedical advantages connected to their application. There have been severalformulation techniques to systemically deliver LA that include encapsulation in liposomes and complexation incyclodextrins, nanoparticles, and to a little extent gold nanoparticles. The proposed formulations help to decreasethe LA concentration utilized, increase its permeability, and most importantly increase the localization of the LA fora long period of time thereby leading to increase in the duration of the LA effect and finally to reduce any localand systemic toxicity. In this review, we will highlight on new updates pertaining to drug delivery of localanesthetics in particular bupivacaine using lipid nanoparticles.Keywords: Local anesthetics, Drug delivery, Lipid nanoparticles, Bupivacaine, Toxicity